Discreet or non-standard samples.
When standard DNA collection isn't an option, many people wonder if they can use discreet DNA samples—such as hair, toothbrushes, or personal items—for paternity and relationship DNA testing. While discreet samples can be used, they come with unique challenges and considerations. In this guide, we’ll explore the feasibility, accuracy, and best practices for using non-standard DNA samples in relationship testing.
What Are Discreet DNA Samples?
A discreet DNA sample is any non-standard biological material that contains DNA and can be tested without requiring a traditional buccal (cheek) swab. These samples are often used when an individual is unavailable or unwilling to provide a direct sample.
Common forensic DNA samples used in discreet testing include:
Hair (with root attached)
Used toothbrushes
Chewed gum
Nail clippings
Ear swabs/Q-tips
Bloodstains on fabric
Used tissues
Cigarette butts
While these samples can contain DNA, their viability depends on multiple factors, such as degradation, contamination, and the presence of a sufficient amount of DNA.
Forensic samples for relationship DNA testing
Please note Forensic Samples do not include: Teeth, Bones, Bone Marrow, Organs or Muscle Tissue, Feces, Paraffin Embedded Tissue, or FFPE, and children’s disposable diapers. While it may be possible to test these items they will have a higher cost to test and may have special requirements for shipping to our lab. Please reach out to us if you wish to test any of the samples on this list.
Can Discreet DNA Samples Be Used for Paternity and Relationship Testing?
Yes, discreet DNA samples can be used for paternity, sibling, grandparent, and avuncular DNA tests, but there are important considerations:
✔ Accuracy: When an uncontaminated sample contains enough DNA, the test can be as accurate as a standard cheek swab test.
✔ Forensic Extraction Required: Unlike buccal swabs, which yield high-quality DNA, discreet samples require additional forensic DNA extraction, increasing processing time and cost.
✔ Higher Risk of DNA Degradation: DNA in items like hair, toothbrushes, and tissues can degrade over time, making testing less reliable than fresh buccal swabs.
✔ Longer Turnaround Time: Forensic DNA testing on discreet samples takes 5-7 business days compared to the 2-3 business days for standard cheek swab samples.
✔ Not All Samples Are Successful: Some discreet samples may not contain enough viable DNA, leading to inconclusive results.
If possible, a buccal swab is always recommended as the preferred DNA collection method due to its high reliability, lower cost, and quicker turnaround time.
Best Practices for Collecting a Discreet DNA Sample
If using a discreet sample is necessary, follow these best practices to maximize the chance of obtaining viable DNA:
Choose a Sample with Direct Contact: Hair must have the root attached, and toothbrushes should have been used consistently.
Air Dry If Possible: If the item is damp (e.g., a used tissue), allow it to dry before storing.
Store Properly: Place the sample in a paper envelope, not plastic, to prevent moisture buildup and DNA degradation.
Minimize Handling: Avoid touching the sample directly with bare hands to prevent contamination.
Send Multiple Items If Available: If possible, submit more than one discreet sample to increase the likelihood of a successful DNA extraction.
When Should You Consider Discreet DNA Testing?
If the Person Is Unavailable for Testing – If the alleged parent or relative is deceased or unwilling to participate.
If a Standard Sample Cannot Be Obtained – When direct buccal swabs are not an option for personal or logistical reasons.
For Private or Peace-of-Mind Testing – When someone wants to obtain DNA results discreetly without alerting the tested individual.
If legal use is required, however, a court-admissible DNA test with a strict chain of custody is necessary.
Choosing the Right DNA Test for Discreet Samples
If you’re considering a paternity or relationship DNA test using a non-standard sample, it’s essential to work with a provider that specializes in forensic DNA extraction. At Validity Genetics, we offer:
Forensic Testing for Hair, Toothbrushes, and More – Professional DNA extraction for non-standard samples.
Fast Turnaround Time – Results in 5-7 business days for forensic samples.
Comprehensive Relationship Testing – Paternity, sibling, grandparent, and avuncular testing using discreet samples.
Expert Support – Guidance on the best sample collection and submission methods.
The Bottom Line on Discreet DNA Testing
While discreet DNA samples can be tested for paternity and relationship verification, buccal swabs remain the preferred method due to their higher accuracy, lower cost, and faster results. If a discreet sample is necessary, proper handling and storage are crucial to preserving DNA quality.
At Validity Genetics, we provide expert forensic DNA testing for those needing private and discreet relationship DNA results. Contact us today to discuss your options and ensure the best chance of obtaining a successful DNA profile.
