Example Paternity Test Results

Paternity DNA Test Results

We are often asked by our clients what exactly the DNA test results of our Paternity Test show, or will look like. We have provided sample paternity test reports, one positive and one negative, to demonstrate what information will be provided in the report.

Detailed Paternity Test Results Report Overview

The paternity test results contains the following main sections in the report, each displaying important information.

• Statement of Results

• Genetic System Table (Locus/Allele chart)

• Combined Direct (Paternity) Index

• Probability of Paternity

Below you can find sample reports to see what your result will look like.

Example Paternity DNA Test  – Inclusion

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Example Paternity DNA Test – Exclusion

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 Statement of Results

This is arguably the most important section of a Paternity DNA Test Result. Unfortunately, because of the legal wording used it can be the most confusing. The report will show one of two conclusions, an Inclusion and an Exclusion. Here are the two conclusion statements and what exactly they mean.

Inclusion = When the conclusion states, “cannot be excluded as the biological father” this means the tested male most likely IS the biological father of the child, as all data gathered from the test supports a relationship of paternity.

Exclusion = When the conclusion states, “is excluded as the biological father” this means the tested male IS NOT the biological father of the child, as all data gathered from the test does not support a relationship of paternity.

Genetic System Table

Paternity tests from Validity Genetics tests for up to 24 different locations, including sex markers, on your DNA. These locations or markers are listed in the “STR locus” column. Each marker is compared with the same locations on all of the tested parties. The DNA segments of the markers are called “alleles”, and every child inherits one copy of this DNA segment from the mother, and one copy from the father.

Our advanced DNA testing technology determines the length of each participants alleles and compares them with the lengths of the alleged father’s alleles to determine the number of matches. If the mother participates, the mother’s alleles will also be compared.

In the Inclusion example provided above, the child shown has two sets of alleles at each location tested, and you can see that at least one of these matches with the alleged father’s alleles at all locations.

In the Exclusion example, while the child shown has multiple sets of alleles that do match, there are many that do not a have corresponding match to the alleged father.

Combined Paternity Index

The Combined Paternity Index is the number on the lower right side of the report, directly under the Locus/Allele chart. If the tested male is considered the biological father, there is a number listed for the Combined Paternity Index. If the tested male is not considered the biological father, the report shows “0.” 

The Combined Paternity Index is a ratio indicating how many times more likely it is that the tested male is the biological father than a randomly-selected unrelated man with a similar ethnic background. This number varies on a case by case basis. The higher CPI number, the stronger the results.

The above sample DNA test reports are for Paternity DNA Tests without including the Mother. For other DNA test reports, such as Siblings DNA Testing, the wording will differ slightly.

Contact us for more information on DNA and Paternity testing at: Info@ValidityGenetics.com or through Facebook messenger and chat with a representative right away.

Holiday Hours

Have a Merry Christmas!

Validity Genetics would like to extend to you and your families our very best wishes this Christmas Season. We wish you all a safe and happy holiday.

Christmas and Holiday hours

In celebration of Christmas, our offices will be closed on December 24 & 25 and reopen on December 26. During this week, from December 23 - 28, we will be on reduced office hours but all DNA testing will be unaffected.

In celebration of New Year’s, our office will be closed January 1 and will reopen on January 2.

If you need immediate support, email us at info@ValidityGenetics.com and we’ll respond as soon as we can. All other needs will be addressed when we return to the office.

Thank you for your business, and have a wonderful Christmas and Happy New Year!

Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity Testing

We now offer Prenatal Paternity Testing!

Prenatal Paternity Testing - With no risk to the mother or unborn child

state of the art Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity (NIPP) Testing.

If you’ve just discovered that you are expecting, our NIPP test can test for paternity as early as 8 weeks*. No need to stress over uncertainties while pregnant, our advanced testing methods can give you accurate answers to set your mind at ease. Unlike previous methods, such as amniocentesis or CVS, our non-invasive methods have no risk to the baby or to you.

Advantages of our testing include:

• Results sent directly to you in as little as 3 business days

• Testing as early as 8 weeks

• All testing done in an accredited and state of the art laboratory

• The only validated and published prenatal test available

Check out our NIPP Testing page for more info or to order your test.

For any questions you may have send us an email at Info@ValidityGenetics.com, contact us through our Contact Page, have a chat with a representative via Messenger on our Facebook Page, or leave a comment below.

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Frequently Asked Prenatal Questions

+ One of the People to be tested lives in a different city or state, can I have a test sent to them?

• No. At this time we only offer NIPP testing at our main Laboratory location in El Paso, TX.

+ I am not sure what paternity test is for me, how can you help me decide?

• Of course! Our team of DNA professionals are here to listen to your needs and help you decide on what is best for you. We have multiple ways for you to get a hold of us. Send us an email from our Contact Us page, chat with a specialist on our Facebook Page via Messenger, or give us a call!

+ How much does a Non-Invasive Prenatal paternity test cost?

• This is the most asked question by our clients. We currently offer two versions of NIPP test: Informational and Legal.

An informational NIPP test starts at $1700.

A legal NIPP starts at $1900.

For paternity testing after the child is born see our Paternity Testing Page, or for court or legal reasons our Legal Paternity Test page.

+ Can a Prental Paternity Test Harm me or my baby?

• No. Unlike older more invasive methods, such as amniocentesis/CVS, there is absolutely no risk to either the unborn baby or to the mother when using a Non-Invasive Prenatal Paternity test.

+ Can This test tell the gender/sex of the baby?

• Yes! This test can tell you the gender of your baby as early as 7-8 weeks. Simply choose the option at checkout.

+ What happens if the test is inconclusive?

• This is most often caused by not enough fetal DNA in the blood stream. Sometimes this is caused by testing too early or the mothers BMI is too high.
  If there is not enough fetal DNA and results cannot be generated, we will schedule another test, at no extra cost, after two to three weeks.

+ HOW FAST CAN I GET MY RESULTS?

• Validity Genetics has a quick industry leading turnaround time of only seven (7) business days for all of our non invasive prenatal paternity (NIPP) DNA tests. In a hurry? We also have three (3) business day rush testing options available.

+ HOW ACCURATE ARE THE TESTS?

• All of our paternity testing is done to the highest standards available. In fact all of our tests are performed by our a fully CAP, A2LA, AABB accredited and ISO 17025/9001 certified laboratory partner. All of our paternity and family DNA testing services follow strict and validated procedures for processing samples to guarantee the highest degree of accuracy. Our testing process looks for 23 genetic markers ensuring you receive 99.99% accurate test results.

_{* While fetal DNA is present in maternal blood as early as 8 weeks, we recommend testing at 10 weeks to mitigate the risk of retesting.}

Gathering Evidence for Infidelity DNA Testing

Over the years we have had many inquiries about Infidelity DNA Testing. What kind of test is it? How is it done? And, most importantly, how should one collect samples for testing?

So, we have put together a list of instructions and information on how best to collect samples in order to minimize the chance of contamination and to make sure everything is properly labeled and prepared for testing when it arrives at our laboratory.

HOW TO COLLECT EVIDENCE

SPECIAL SAMPLES

It is extremely important that all to be tested evidence is handled as little as possible. Gloves are recommended to prevent any extraneous contamination.
To gather special samples, please follow these instructions:

Step 1: Please label an envelope with the following details (use one small envelope per sample):

• Sample name or description

• Collection Date

• Approximate age of sample (date when it may have appeared or item last used)

Step 2: Prep the sample to be mailed:

• If this is a clothing sample or fabric stain (for example a bed sheet) we recommend you send the entire item to our lab. Please indicate where the stain to be tested is*

  • If you decide the item is too large to send through the mail, the stained area may be cut out and mailed instead.  Please leave one to two inches of space around the potential DNA

• If this is a smaller item (toothbrush, hair follicles, condom, etc), make sure it dry (please allow to air dry. Do NOT use a hair dryer or any form of heating device to force it to dry) and can fit inside the labeled envelope

• Do NOT place anything in plastic bags

Step 3: Seal samples inside labeled envelope:

• Place the special samples into the envelope

• Seal the envelope with tape

Step 4: Place samples together in a larger envelope and mail to our Laboratory:

• Compile envelopes containing special samples, oral buccal swab samples, and the completed paperwork together into a larger mailing envelope

• Mail to our laboratory using a traceable courier service (USPS, FedEx, UPS, etc)

*clothing and fabric samples may be damaged or destroyed when tested

Additional info and ways to collect samples:

DNA, in a dry state, is very stable. Ultraviolet light, extreme temperature and moisture are the primary destructive agents of DNA molecules. There are a few basic rules that must be followed for the proper collection, packaging and storage of DNA evidence.

Wet Stains (Ex: blood, semen, saliva)

Biological evidence should always be allowed to air dry before being packaged in an envelope. Moisture allows bacterial growth to occur, rapidly destroying the material and greatly reducing the possibility of obtaining accurate DNA results. Blow dryers and other heating devices should not be used to force an item or stain to dry.

Pooled biological samples (Ex: blood, saliva, semen)

When dealing with blood, saliva or semen in a pooled or liquid state that may become contaminated or must be cleaned, swab the sample onto sterile cotton swabs (in a pinch Q-tips, with one end cut off, will work) and allow the swabs to air dry before packaging in a clean paper envelope.  Please try to have at lest two swabs per sample.

Dry Stains (Ex: blood, semen, saliva)

Use Q-tips to gather dried blood, semen, or other fluids.

For best results and highest accuracy an article with stains should be submitted in its entirety. Each article should be separated from another.  We recommend large envelopes, clean paper bags, or clean plastic bags (if the article is completely dry). If the article is too large to be mailed and the stained area cannot be cut out, please follow these steps to help with a proper collection.

• Place two or three drops of distilled water onto a sterile cotton swab (or a one sided Q-Tip)

• Rub the swab over the stained area.  Try to transfer as much of the stain as possible onto the swab.

• Allow the swabs to air dry and package in clean paper envelopes.

Properly collecting, storing, and shipping DNA specimens for analysis helps to ensure accurate results. Most samples in a dry state will offer testable genetic evidence for decades.

For additional questions contact us or email us at Info@ValidityGenetics.com

Sibling DNA Testing

Sibling DNA Testing

The sibling DNA test is most commonly used when trying to find out if there is a relationship between two people when a parent is unavailable. The test uses statistical analysis to compare the DNA of siblings. This can determine if alleged siblings share both parents, one parent, or no parents at all. 

DNA tests for siblings can have three possible conclusions: 

• Full Sibling 

• Half-sibling 

• Unrelated

Sibling-ship DNA testing is analyzed through probability, which may lie in between 0% to 99.99%. 

Higher percentages of about 50% generally indicate a full sibling (i.e. they share both parents). Probability percentages of about 25% indicate half siblings (i.e. they share a single parent) and lower percentages indicate that the individuals are unrelated.

The results for sibling-ship can be made more accurate by including a common parent in the testing procedure. The reason for this is because the DNA shared by siblings is comparatively lower than the amount shared with parents.

Involving either or both alleged parents in the testing procedure can guarantee the results with better confidence. 

Full Sibling VS. Half Siblings

This DNA test determines the probability that two individuals who have the same biological mother also have the same biological father. 

This DNA test analysis can also determine the probability that two individuals sharing the same biological father have the same or different biological mothers, and vice versa. 

For increased accuracy of this test, it’s recommended that at least one parent is also tested. This greatly improves the conclusions of the test. 

 Full VS. Half Siblings VS. Unrelated

This DNA analysis determines the likelihood of whether the two individuals tested may have the same mother and/or father, as opposed to being completely unrelated. 

For greater accuracy of the test, we recommend samples from one, or preferably all, of the alleged, biological mothers and fathers. 

Please note that a sibingship test may not always be as conclusive because the inheritance pattern and genetic markers vary between offspring even if they have same parent(s). This is because the inheritance pattern and genetic markers vary between offspring more than they do between a parent and child. 

For the Most Accurate Results in a Sibling DNA Test

• The DNA from the known child of the possible father should be used to see if the two potential siblings are related.

• When the father is unavailable or unwilling the known mother of the child should be included in the DNA testing.

• If the known child doesn’t share the same mother as the child being tested, then both mothers should contribute their DNA to increase the chances of getting conclusive results.  (This would be a Four Person Sibling Test as opposed to our standard Three Person test kit, when ordering.)

Reminder: Home Testing Kits cannot be used in legal cases or for court orders.

For all questions contact us or email us at Info@ValidityGenetics.com